1.HOW TO SELECT THE RIFTHT PAINT SYSTEM
Selecting the correct paint system for protection against corrosion requires a variety of factors to be taken into account to ensure that the most economical and best technical solution is achieved. For each project the most important factors to consider before selecting a protective coating are:
a. Environmental corrosivity
when selecting a paint system it is vitally important to work out the conditions in which the structure, facility or installation is to operate. To establish the effect of environmental corrosivity, the following factors must be taken into account:

• Humidity and temperature

(service temperature and temperature gradients)

• The presence of UV radiation
• Chemical exposure

(e.g. specific exposure in industrial plants)

• Mechanical damage (impact, abrasion etc)

in the case of buried structures their poros- ity must be considered and the ground conditions which they are subject to. The dampness and pH of the  terrain and biological exposure to bacteria and micro-organisms are of critical impor- tance. in the case of water, the type and chemical composition of the water present is also significant. The corrosive aggressiveness of the environment will have an effect on:

• the type of paint used for protection
• the total thickness of a paint system
• the surface preparation required
• minimum and maximum recoating intervals

note that the more corrosive the environment, the more thorough the surface preparation required. The recoating intervals must also be strictly observed.

part 2 of iso 12944 standard gives the corrosion classifications for atmospheric conditions, soil and water. This standard is a very general evaluation based on the corrosion time for carbon steel and zinc. it does not reflect specific chemical, me- chanical or temperature exposure. How- ever the standard specification may still be accepted as a good indicator for paint system projects as a whole.
ISO 12944 distinguishes  5 basic atmospheric corrosivity categories:
C1 very low                                        c4 high
C2 low                                                c5-I very high(industrial)
C3 medium                                        c5-I very high(marine)
Outlined below is how these classifications are applied: (The table numbers refer to the product listings as given in section 6 of this study, Hempel paint systems.)
Atmospheric corrosivity categories according to ISO 12944 standard:

Corrosivity category	Environment examples		Hempel’s paint systems
	Exterior	Interior
C1 very low	–	Heated buildings with a clean atmosphere such as offices, shops, schools, hotels.	page 24 – 25
C2 low	atmosphere contaminated to a small extent, mainly rural regions.	Buildings which are not heated, where conden- sation may occur e.g. storehouses, sports halls.	page 24 – 25
C3 medium	industrial and urban atmosphere with an average sulphur oxide (iV) contamination level. inshore areas of low salinity.	production space of high humidity and certain air contamination e.g. foodstuff plants, laundries, breweries,  dairies.	page 26 – 27
C4 high	industrial areas and inshore areas of medium salinity.	chemical plants, swimming pools, ship repair yards.	page 28 – 29
C5-I very high (industrial)	industrial areas of high humidity and aggressive  atmosphere.	Buildings and areas of almost constant condensation and high  contamination.	page 30 – 31
C5-M very high (marine)	inshore areas and offshore areas of high salinity.	Buildings and areas of almost constant condensation and high  contamination.	page 32 – 33

The categories for water and soil according to the ISO 12944 standard are shown as:

                     Im1        fresh water
Im2     sea or brackish water
Im3          soil

Corrosivity categories	Environment	Examples of environments and structures	Hempel’s paint systems
Im1	Fresh water	river installations, hydroelectric power plants
Im2	sea or brackish water	seaports with the following structures: sluice gate, locks (water steps), water stilts, piers, offshore structures	page 34 – 35
Im3	soil	Underground tanks, steel stilts, pipelines

b. A type of protected surface
Designing a coating system normally involves dealing with constructional materials such as steel, hot dipped galvanized steel, spray-metallized steel, aluminium or stainless steel. The surface preparation, the paint products used (particularly the primer) and the total system thickness will depend mainly on the constructional material to be protected.

c. The durability required for a paint system
The lifetime of a paint system is assumed to be the period of time which passes until maintenance is required for the first time after application.  ISO 12944 specifies a
range of three time frames to categorise durability:
LOW – L                      2 to 5 years

MEDIUM – M               5 to 15 years

HIGH – H                     more than 15 years
d. Planning the paint application process
The building schedule and the various stages of construction of any particular project determine how and when the paint system needs to be applied. consideration needs to be given to materials at their prefabrication stage, when components are being prefabricated both off and on site and when building stages are complete.

it is necessary to plan the job so that surface preparation and the drying/curing time of paint products in relation to temperature and humidity are considered. also if one stage of construction takes place in a protected workshop environment and the next stage then takes place on site, recoating intervals must also be taken into account.
2.SURFACE PREPARATION
2.1. SURFACE PREPARATION
There are many ways to classify steel surface preparation grades but this study focuses on those outlined below.

A. Grades of a surface according to the ISO 8501-1 standard

Standard surface preparation grades for primary surface preparation by abrasive blasting methods
Sa 3	Blast-cleaning                   to                  visually                   clean                  steel When viewed without magnification, the surface shall be free from visible oil, grease and dirt, and shall be free from mill scale, rust, paint coatings and foreign matter1. it shall have a uniform metallic colour.
Sa 2 ½	Very thorough blast-cleaning When viewed without magnification, the surface shall be free from visible oil, grease and dirt, and from mill scale, rust, paint coatings and foreign matter1. any remaining traces of contamination shall show only as slight stains in the form of spots or stripes.
Sa 2	Thorough blast-cleaning When viewed without magnification, the surface shall be free from visible oil, grease and dirt, and from most of the mill scale, rust, paint coatings and foreign matter1. any residual contamination shall be firmly adhering. (see note 2 below).
Sa 1	Light blast-cleaning When viewed without magnification, the surface shall be free from visible oil, grease and dirt, and from poorly adhering mill scale, rust, paint coatings and foreign matter1.

Standard preparation grades for primary surface preparation by hand cleaning
St 3	Very thorough hand and power tool cleaning as for st 2, but the surface shall be treated much more thoroughly to give a metallic sheen arising from the metallic substrate
St 2	Thorough hand and power tool cleaning When viewed without magnification, the surfaces shall be free from visible oil, grease and dirt, and from poorly adhering mill scale, rust, paint coatings and foreign matter (see note below)

B.Surface preparation grades after high pressure water cleaning

surface preparation grades by high pressure water cleaning should not only include the cleanliness grade but also the flash rust grade, since flash rusting may occur on cleaned steel during the drying period. There are several ways to classify the degree to which a steel surface is prepared after high pressure water cleaning.
This study has used the iso 8501-4 surface preparation grade standard using high pressure water jetting: “Initial surface conditions, preparation grades and flash rust grades in connection with high pressure water jetting”.
The standard applies to surface preparation by high pressure water cleaning for a paint coating. it distinguishes three levels of cleanliness with reference to visible contaminants (wa 1 – wa 2½) such as rust, mill scale, old paint coatings and other foreign matter:

Description of the surface after cleaning:
Wa 1	Light high-pressure water jetting When viewed without magnification, the surface shall be free from visible oil and grease, loose or defective paint, loose rust and other foreign matter. any residual contamination shall be randomly dispersed and firmly adherent.
Wa 2	Thorough high-pressure water jetting When viewed without magnification, the surface shall be free from visible oil, grease and dirt and most of the rust, previous paint coatings and other foreign matter. any residual contamination shall be randomly dispersed and can consist of firmly adher- ent coatings, firmly adherent foreign matter and stains of previously existent rust.
Wa 2½	Very thorough high-pressure water jetting When viewed without magnification, the surface shall be free from all visible rust, oil, grease, dirt, previous paint coatings and, except for slight traces, all other foreign matter. Discoloration of the surface can be present where the original coating was not intact. The grey or brown/black discoloration observed on pitted and corroded steel cannot be removed by further water jetting.

Description of the surface appearance relating to three grades of flash rust:
L	Light flash rust A surface which, when viewed without magnification, exhibits small quantities of a yellow/brown rust layer through which the steel substrate can be seen. The rust (seen as a discoloration) can be evenly distributed or present in patches, but it will be tightly adherent and not easily removed by gentle wiping with a cloth.
M	Medium flash rust A surface which, when viewed without magnification, exhibits a layer of yellow/brown rust that obscures the original steel surface. The rust can be evenly distributed or present in patches, but it will be reasonably well adherent and it will lightly mark a cloth that is gently wiped over the surface.
H	Heavy flash rust A surface which, when viewed without mag nification, exhibits a layer of red-yellow/ brown rust that obscures the original steel surface and is loosely adherent. The rust layer can be evenly distributed or present in patches and it will readily mark a cloth that is gently wiped over the surface.

2.1              Types of surfaces

                    A.Steel surfaces
To guarantee that a coating system delivers long lasting protection, it is essential to ensure that the right surface preparation is carried out before any paint is applied. For this reason the initial surface condition of the steel needs to be evaluated.
generally speaking, the condition of a steel surface prior to painting falls into one of the three following  categories:

a) a bare steel structure with no previous protective paint coatings                                        
b) a steel surface coated with a shopprimer                                                                               
c) a steel surface coated with a paint system which needs to be maintained                         
These categories are outlined in more detail below.

1. A bare steel structure with no previous protective coatings

steel surfaces which have never been protected by paint coatings may be covered to a varying extent by rust, mill scale or other contaminants (dust, grease, ionic contamination/ soluble salts, residues etc.). The initial condition of such surfaces is defined by ISO 8501-1 standard: “Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – 

b.A steel surface covered with shopprimers
The main purpose of applying shopprimers is to protect steel plates and structural components used in the prefabrication stage, or in storage before a main paint system is applied. A shopprimer film thickness normally equals 20 – 25 μm (these figures are quoted for a smooth test panel). steel plates and structural components coated with shopprimers can be welded.

Hempel offers the following shopprimers:

HEMPEL’S SHOPPRIMER 15280 (protection period – 3 to 5 months)

is a solvent-borne epoxy shopprimer pigmented with zinc polyphosphate. it is designed for automatic spray application or manual application.
HEMPEL’S SHOPPRIMER ZS 15890 (protection period – 4 to 6 months)

is a solvent borne zinc silicate shopprimer designed for automatic spray application.
HEMPEL’S SHOPPRIMER ZS 15820 (protection period – 3 to 5 months)

is a solvent borne zinc silicate shopprimer, designed for automatic spray application.
HEMUCRYL SHOPPRIMER 18250 (protection period – 3 to 5 months)

is a waterborne acrylic shopprimer. it is designed for automatic spray application or manual application.
HEMUDUR SHOPPRIMER 18580 (protection period – 3 to 5 months)

is a waterborne epoxy shopprimer designed for automatic spray application
surfaces coated with a shopprimer must be prepared correctly prior to the application of a finishing paint system; this is termed ‘second surface preparation’. a shopprimer may need to be partially or completely removed. The second surface preparation will be determined by the finishing paint system and two key factors need to be taken into account:

• the compatibility of an applied shopprimer and a finishing paint system
• the surface profile achieved during preparation prior to a shopprimer application, i.e. whether the profile is suitable for a finishing paint system

a surface coated with a shopprimer should always be thoroughly washed with water detergent(e.g.Hempel’sligHTclean99350) at 15-20 mpa, and then rinsed carefully prior to a paint system application. corrosionded and damage due to welding spots must be cleaned to the preparation grade as specified in the ISO 8501-1 standard.

2. A steel surface coated with a paint system which needs to be maintained

The condition of an existing paint system must be assessed using the degradation grade according to the standard and this must be done each time maintenance work is carried out. it will need to be determined whether the system should be completely removed or whether parts of the coating can remain. For the different amounts of surface preparation required refer to iso 8501-2 standard: “Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Visual assessment of surface cleanliness – Preparation grades of previously coated steel substrates after localized removal of previous coatings”.

B. Hot dipped galvanized steel, aluminium and stainless steel surfaces

in addition to standard steel, other non-iron materials can be used in construction such as hot dipped galvanized steel, aluminium or high-alloy steels. all of them require a separate approach in terms of surface preparation and the selection of a paint system.

1. Hot dipped galvanized steel

when galvanised steel is exposed to the atmosphere, zinc corrosion products form on its surface. These products vary in their composition and adhesion and influence therefore the adhesive properties of applied paint systems. it is generally considered that the best surface for painting  is one  of pure (within hours of the galvanisation process) or seasoned zinc. For stages in between it is recommended that the zinc corrosion products are removed by washing the surface with Hempel’s alkaline cleaner. This can be carried out using a mixture of 20 litres of pure water to half a litre of Hempel’s ligHT clean 99350 detergent. The mixture must be applied to the surface and then rinsed off after half an hour, preferably at high pressure. if necessary washing should be combined with scrubbing using a special hard nylon bristle brush, abrasive paper or the surface cleaned by an abrasive (glass balls, sand, etc.). For coating systems in lower corrosion classes, special adhesion primers are recommended. For coating systems in higher corrosion classes, surface preparation should include mechanical preparation of the surface, preferably by abrasive sweep blasting with a mineral abrasive.

2. Aluminium and stainless steel

in the case of aluminium and stainless steel, the surface should be cleaned with fresh water and a detergent, then rinsed off thoroughly by pressure washing with fresh water. To obtain better adhesion for the paint system it is recommended that abrasive blasting is carried out with a min- eral abrasive or special brushes are used.
3.MAXIMUM SERVICE TEMPERATURES
Paint products have different resistances to temperatures depending on the binder and pigments used. The temperature resistance of individual paint types is shown below.

4.HEMPEL PAINTS

4.1 Generic Types

Hempel offers the following main types of paint:

                            one component:

1. alkyd

2. acrylic

3. polysiloxane (for high temperature service)

two components:

1. Epoxy (pure and modified)

2. polyurethane

3. Zinc silicate

4. polysiloxane  hybrids

4.2.Explanation of Hempel product names

Generally the name of a Hempel paint is based on a product name and a five-digit number e.g. HempaTeX-Hi BUilD 46410.

The product name denotes the group and generic type to which the paint belongs as shown in the following table:

HempaTeX                              acrylic (solvent-borne)
HemUcryl                               acrylic (water-borne)
A 5-digit number identifies the remaining properties of a product. The first two digits relate to the principal function and the generic type. The third and fourth digits are serial numbers. The fifth digit identifies specific formulas with the same product, e.g. high temperature curing/low, medium temperature curing, conformity to local legislation. Therefore, the first four digits define the end-user performance, i.e. the dried, cured paint material. The fifth digit usually relates to the conditions of application, however, may also be used purely for logistic reasons.

First digit:	Function:
0_ _ _ _	clear varnish, thinner
1_ _ _ _	primer for steel and other metals
2_ _ _ _	primer for non-metallic substrates
3_ _ _ _	paste product, high-solids material
4_ _ _ _	intermediate coating, high-build coating used with/without primer and finishing coat
5_ _ _ _	Finishing coat
6_ _ _ _	miscellaneous
7_ _ _ _	antifouling paint
8_ _ _ _	miscellaneous
9_ _ _ _	miscellaneous

 

Second digit:	fteneric Type:
_0_ _ _	asphalt, pitch, bitumen, tar
_1_ _ _	oil, oil varnish, long-oil alkyd
_2_ _ _	medium to long-oil alkyd
_3_ _ _	short-oil alkyd, epoxyester, silicone alkyd, urethane alkyd
_4_ _ _	miscellaneous
_5_ _ _	reactive binder (non-oxidative), one or two-component
_6_ _ _	physically drying binder (solvent-borne) (other than – 0 – – -)
_7_ _ _	miscellaneous
_8_ _ _	aqueous  dispersion, thinner
_9_ _ _	miscellaneous

4.3.Hempel’s  Shade Identification

Paints, especially primers, are identified by a 5-digit number, as follows:

white	10000
whitish, grey	10010 – 19980
Black	19990
yellow, cream, buff	20010 – 29990
Blue, violet	30010 – 39990
green	40010 – 49990
red, orange, pink	50010 – 59990
Brown	60010 – 69990

Hempel’s standard shade numbers do not directly correlate to official colour standard num- bers. However, in the case of finishing paints or other selected products, shades correspond- ing to specific official standard shades such as RAL, BS, NCS etc. may be established.

5    USEFUL DEFINITIONS

There are several useful definitions and terms used in coating protection technology. we provide you here with few necessary terms that you should be acquainted with when dealing with paints:
Volume solids
The volume solids (VS) figure expresses as a percentage the ratio of:
Dry film thickness Wet film thickness
The stated figure has been determined as the ratio between dry and wet film thickness of the coating applied in the indicated thickness under laboratory conditions, where no paint loss has been encountered.
Theoretical  Spreading Rate

The theoretical spreading rate of the paint in a given dry film thickness on a completely smooth surface is calculated as follows:

Volume solids % x 10         = m2/litre
Dry film thickness (micron)
Practical Consumption
The practical consumption is estimated by multiplying the theoretical consumption with a relevant consumption Factor (cF).
The consumption factor or the practical consumption cannot be stated in the product Data sheet because it depends on a number of external conditions such as:

1. Waviness of paint film:

When paint is manually applied the film will show some waviness on the surface. it will
also have an average thickness higher than the specified dry film thickness in order to fulfil the 80:20 rule for example. This means the paint consumption will be higher than the theoretically calculated amount if you want to reach the minimum specified film thickness.

2. Size and shape of the surface:

complex and small-sized surfaces will lead to higher consumption through overspray, than the square, flat area which was used to work out the theoretical calculation.
c.Surface roughness of the substrate:
when a substrate has a particularly rough surface this creates a “dead volume” which uses more paint than if the surface was smooth and this will affect any theoretical calculations. in the case of shopprimers with a thin film, this has the effect of seemingly larger surface causing higher consumption as the paint film covers irregular surface hollows.

• losses:

Factors such as residues in cans, pumps and hoses, discarded paint due to exceeded pot life, losses due to atmospheric conditions, insufficient skills of a painter etc. will all contribute to a higher consumption.
6.HEMPEL PAINT SYSTEMS

recommenDeD  painT sysTems

For VarioUs aTmospHeric corrosiViTy caTegories & oTHer Types oF enVironmenTs
(in accordance with iso 12944-5:2007)
c1/c2 corrosiViTy caTegory c3 corrosiViTy caTegory
c4 corrosiViTy caTegory c5-i corrosiViTy caTegory c5-m corrosiViTy caTegory immerseD sTrUcTUres HeaT resisTanT sTrUcTUres
C1/C2 CORROSIVITY CATEFTORY
Hempel painT sysTems

For Steel Structures in enclosed areas

sample systems corresponding to c1/c2 corrosivity categories

Lifetime	System No	Paint Type	Hempel Paint System Samples	Thickness (micron)
0 – 5 years	1	sB alkyd	1x HempaQUicK primer 13624	40
		sB alkyd	1x HempaQUicK enamel 53840	40
		Total DFT       80 μm
	2	wB alkyd	1x HemUlin primer 18310	40
		wB alkyd	1x HemUlin enamel 58380	40
		Total DFT       80 μm
	3	sB polyurethane	1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	80
		Total DFT       80 μm

 

Lifetime	System No	Paint Type	Hempel Paint System Samples	Thickness (micron)
5 – 15 years	1	sB alkyd	1x HempaQUicK primer 13624	80
		sB alkyd	1x HempaQUicK enamel 53840	40
			Total DFT	120 μm
	2	wB alkyd	1x HemUlin primer 18310	80
		wB alkyd	1x HemUlin enamel 58380	40
			Total DFT	120 μm
	3	sB epoxy	1x HempaDUr 47960	120
			Total DFT	120 μm
	4	sB polyurethane	1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	120
			Total DFT	120 μm

 

Lifetime	System No	Paint Type	Hempel Paint System Samples	Thickness (micron)
	1	sB alkyd	2x HempaQUicK primer 13624	120
		sB alkyd	1x HempaQUicK enamel 53840	40
			Total DFT	160 μm
	2	wB alkyd	2x HemUlin primer 18310	120
		wB alkyd	1x HemUlin enamel 58380	40
			Total DFT	160 μm
>15 years	3	wB acrylic	2x HemUcryl primer HB 18032	120
		wB acrylic	1x HemUcryl enamel HB 58030	40
			Total DFT	160 μm
	4	sB epoxy	1x HempaDUr masTic 45880/1	160
			Total DFT	160 μm
	5	sB epoxy	1x HempaDUr 47960	100
		sB polyurethane	1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	60
			Total DFT	160 μm
	6	wB epoxy	1x HemUDUr 18500	100
		wB polyurethane	1x HemUTHane enamel 58510	60
			Total DFT	160 μm

For places where blasting as secondary surface preparation is not possible after production, the use of shopprimed steel is an option. Ask Hempel for more specific guidelines regarding optimum choice of shopprimer and need for secondary surface preparation.

SB= solvent Borne  WB= waterborne    DFT= Dry Film Thickness

C3 CORROSIVITY CATEFTORY

Hempel painT sysTems

For Steel Structures in open areas

sample systems corresponding to c3 corrosivity category

Lifetime	System No	Paint Type	Hempel Paint System Samples	Thickness (micron)
0 – 5 years	1	sB alkyd	1x HempaQUicK primer 13624	80
		sB alkyd	1x HempaQUicK enamel 53840	40
			Total DFT	120 μm
	2	wB alkyd	1x HemUlin primer 18310	80
		wB alkyd	1x HemUlin enamel 58380	40
			Total DFT	120 μm
	3	sB epoxy	1x HempaDUr 47960	120
			Total DFT	120 μm
	4	sB polyurethane	1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	120
			Total DFT	120 μm

 

Lifetime		System No		Paint Type		Hempel Paint System Samples	Thickness (micron)
5 – 15 years		1		wB acrylic		1x HemUcryl primer HB 18032	80
				wB acrylic		1x HemUcryl enamel HB 58030	80
				Total DFT     160 μm
		2		sB epoxy		1x HempaDUr 47960	80
				sB polyurethane		1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	80
				Total DFT     160 μm
		3		wB epoxy		1x HemUDUr 18500	100
				wB polyurethane		1x HemUTHane enamel 58510	60
				Total DFT     160 μm
	Lifetime		System No		Paint Type	Hempel Paint System Samples	Thickness (micron)
	>15		1		wB acrylic	2x HemUcryl primer HB 18032	160
					wB acrylic	1x HemUcryl enamel HB 58030	40
						Total DFT	200 μm
			2		sB epoxy	1x HempaDUr 47960	120
					sB polyurethane	1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	80
						Total DFT	200 μm
			3		wB epoxy	2x HemUDUr 18500	160
					wB polyurethane	1x HemUTHane enamel 58510	40
						Total DFT	200 μm
			4		sB Zinc epoxy	1x HempaDUr Zinc 17360	40
					sB epoxy	1x HempaDUr 47960	80
					sB polyurethane	1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	60
						Total DFT	180 μm

For the places that blasting as secondary surface preparation is not possible after production, the use of shopprimed steel is an option. Zinc silicate based shopprimers e.g. Hempel’s shopprimer Zs 15890 or 15820 are preferred – especially for later overcoating with zinc containing paints – epoxy based shopprimers e.g. Hempel shopprimer 15280 or 18580 can also be used in case of later over- coating with non-zinc containing paint. Ask Hempel for more specific guidelines regarding optimum choice of shopprimer and need for secondary surface preparation.

SB= solvent Borne  WB= waterborne    DFT= Dry Film Thickness

C4 CORROSIVITY CATEFTORY

Hempel painT sysTems

For Steel Structures in open areas

sample systems corresponding to c4 corrosivity category

Lifetime	System No	Paint Type	Hempel Paint System Samples	Thickness (micron)
0 – 5 years	1	wB acrylic	2x HemUcryl primer HB 18032	160
		wB acrylic	1x HemUcryl enamel HB 58030	40
		Total DFT     200 μm
	2	sB epoxy	1x HempaDUr masTic 45880/1	200
		Total DFT     200 μm

 

Lifetime	System No	Paint Type	Hempel Paint System Samples	Thickness (micron)
5 – 15 years	1	sB epoxy	1x HempaDUr 47960	140
		sB polyurethane	1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	100
			Total DFT	240 μm
	2	wB epoxy	2x HemUDUr 18500	200
		wB polyurethane	1x HemUTHane enamel 58510	40
		Total DFT     240 μm
	3	sB Zinc epoxy	1x HempaDUr Zinc 17360	40
		sB epoxy	1x HempaDUr 47960	100
		sB polyurethane	1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	60
		Total DFT     200 μm
	4	wB Zinc epoxy	1x HemUDUr Zinc 18560	40
		wB epoxy	1x HemUDUr 18500	110
		wB polyurethane	1x HemUTHane enamel 58510	50
		Total DFT     200 μm

 

Lifetime	System No	Paint Type	Hempel Paint System Samples	Thickness (micron)
> 15 years	1	sB epoxy	2x HempaDUr 47960	200
		sB polyurethane	1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	80
			Total DFT	280 μm
	2	sB Zinc epoxy	1x HempaDUr Zinc 17360	40
		sB epoxy	1x HempaDUr 47960	120
		sB polyurethane	1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	80
			Total DFT	240 μm
	3	wB Zinc epoxy	1x HemUDUr Zinc 18560	40
		wB epoxy	2x HemUDUr 18500	160
		wB polyurethane	1x HemUTHane enamel 58510	40
			Total DFT	240 μm
	4	sB Zinc silicate	1x Hempel’s galVosil 15700	60
		sB epoxy	1x HempaDUr 47960	100
		sB polyurethane	1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	80
			Total DFT	240 μm

For the places that blasting as secondary surface preparation is not possible after production, the use of shopprimed steel is an option. Zinc silicate based shopprimers e.g. Hempel’s shopprimer Zs 15890 or 15820 are preferred – especially for later overcoating with zinc containing paints – epoxy based shopprim- ers e.g. Hempel shopprimer 15280 or 18580 can also be used in case of later overcoating with non-zinc containing paint. Ask Hempel for more specific guidelines regarding optimum choice of shopprimer and need for secondary surface preparation.

SB= solvent Borne  WB= waterborne    DFT= Dry Film Thickness

C5-I CORROSIVITY CATEFTORY

Hempel painT sysTems

For Steel Structures in open areas

sample systems corresponding to c5 industrial corrosivity category

Lifetime	System No	Paint Type	Hempel Paint System Samples	Thickness (micron)
5 – 15 years	1	sB epoxy	2x HempaDUr 47960	220
		sB polyurethane	1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	60
		Total DFT     280 μm
	2	sB Zinc epoxy	1x HempaDUr Zinc 17360	60
		sB epoxy	1x HempaDUr 47960	120
		sB polyurethane	1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	60
		Total DFT     240 μm
	3	wB Zinc epoxy	1x HemUDUr Zinc 18560	40
		wB epoxy	2x HemUDUr 18500	160
		wB polyurethane	1x HemUTHane enamel 58510	40
		Total DFT     240 μm

 

Lifetime	System No	Paint Type	Hempel Paint System Samples	Thickness (micron)
> 15 years	1	sB epoxy	2x HempaDUr masTic 45880/1/w	240
		sB polyurethane	1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	80
			Total DFT	320 μm
	2	sB Zinc epoxy	1x HempaDUr Zinc 17360	60
		sB epoxy	1x HempaDUr 47960	140
		sB polyurethane	1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	80
			Total DFT	280 μm
	3	wB Zinc epoxy	1x HemUDUr Zinc 18560	40
		wB epoxy	2x HemUDUr 18500	200
		wB polyurethane	1x HemUTHane enamel 58510	40
			Total DFT	280 μm
	4	sB Zinc silicate	1x Hempel’s galVosil 15700	80
		sB epoxy	1x HemUDUr 47960	120
		sB polyurethane	1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	80
			Total DFT	280 μm

For places where blasting as secondary surface preparation is not possible after production, the use of shopprimed steel is an option. Zinc silicate based shopprimers e.g. Hempel’s shopprimer Zs 15890 or 15820 are preferred, especially for later overcoating with paints containing zinc. epoxy based shopprimers e.g. Hempel shopprimer 15280 or 18580 can also be used in the case of later overcoating with paint not containing zinc. Ask Hempel for more specific guidelines regarding the optimum choice of shopprimer and the need for second- ary surface preparation.

SB= solvent Borne  WB= waterborne    DFT= Dry Film Thickness

                        C5-M CORROSIVITY CATEFTORY

Hempel painT sysTems

For Steel Structures in open areas

sample systems corresponding to c5 marine corrosivity category

Lifetime	System No	Paint Type	Hempel Paint System Samples	Thickness (micron)
5 – 15 years	1	sB epoxy	2x HempaDUr masTic 45880/1/w	200
		sB polyurethane	1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	80
			Total DFT	280 μm
	2	wB epoxy	3x HemUDUr 18500	240
		wB polyurethane	1x HemUTHane enamel 58510	40
			Total DFT	280 μm
	3	sB Zinc epoxy	1x HempaDUr Zinc 17360	40
		sB epoxy	1x HempaDUr 47960	120
		sB polyurethane	1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	80
			Total DFT	240 μm
	4	wB Zinc epoxy	1x HemUDUr Zinc 18560	40
		wB epoxy	2x HemUDUr 18500	160
		wB polyurethane	1x HemUTHane enamel 58510	40
			Total DFT	240 μm

 

Lifetime	System No	Paint Type	Hempel Paint System Samples	Thickness (micron)
> 15 years	1	sB epoxy	2x HempaDUr masTic 45880/1/w	240
		sB polyurethane	1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	80
			Total DFT	320 μm
	2	sB Zinc epoxy	1x HempaDUr Zinc 17360	40
		sB epoxy	2x HempaDUr 47960	160
		sB polyurethane	1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	80
			Total DFT	280 μm
	3	wB Zinc epoxy	1x HemUDUr Zinc 18560	40
		wB epoxy	2x HemUDUr 18500	200
		wB polyurethane	1x HemUTHane enamel 58510	40
			Total DFT	280 μm
	4	sB Zinc silicate	1x Hempel’s galVosil 15700	60
		sB epoxy	2x HempaDUr 47960	140
		sB polyurethane	1x HempaTHane Hs 55610	80
			Total DFT	280 μm

For places where blasting as secondary surface preparation is not possible after production, the use of shopprimed steel is an option. Zinc silicate based shopprimers e.g. Hempel’s shopprimer Zs 15890 or 15820 are preferred, especially for later overcoating with paints containing zinc. epoxy based shopprimers e.g. Hempel shopprimer 15280 or 18580 can also be used in the case of later overcoating with paint not containing zinc. Ask Hempel for more specific guidelines regarding the optimum choice of shopprimer and the need for second- ary surface preparation.

SB= solvent Borne  WB= waterborne    DFT= Dry Film Thickness
IMMERSED  STRUCTURES
1.For Steel Structures immersed in water (excluding potable water) or buried in soil

Lifetime	System No	Paint Type	Hempel Paint System Samples	Thickness (micron)
5 – 15 years	1	epoxy	HempaDUr  17634	160
		epoxy	HempaDUr  17634	160
		Total DFT     320 μm
	2	epoxy	HempaDUr masTic 45880/1/w	160
		epoxy	HempaDUr masTic 45880/1/w	160
		Total DFT     320 μm
	3	epoxy gF	HempaDUrmUlTi-sTrengTH gF 35870	400
		Total DFT     400 μm

 

Lifetime	System No	Paint Type	Hempel Paint System Samples	Thickness (micron)
> 15 years	1	epoxy	HempaDUr  17634	150
		epoxy	HempaDUr  17634	150
		epoxy	HempaDUr  17634	150
			Total DFT	450 μm
	2	epoxy	HempaDUrmUlTi-sTrengTH 45701/3	125
		epoxy	HempaDUrmUlTi-sTrengTH 45751/3	150
		epoxy	HempaDUrmUlTi-sTrengTH 45751/3	150
			Total DFT	425 μm
	3	epoxy gF	HempaDUrmUlTi-sTrengTH gF 35870	350
		epoxy gF	HempaDUrmUlTi-sTrengTH gF 35870	350
			Total DFT	700 μm
	4	epoxy	HempaDUr87540	800
			Total DFT

 

• Steel Structures immersed in potable water (drinking water)

Lifetime	System No	Paint Type	Hempel Paint System Samples	Thickness (micron)
5 – 15 years	1	epoxy (solventfree)	HempaDUr  35560	200
		epoxy (solventfree)	HempaDUr  35560	200
		Total DFT     400 μm
	2	epoxy (solventfree)	HempaDUr  35560	400
		Total DFT     400 μm

 

• for fuels (Crude oil, Jet fuel, Gasoline etc.)

 

Paint Type	Hempel Paint System Sample	Thickness  (micron)
epoxy (phenolic)	HempaDUr  85671	100
epoxy (phenolic)	HempaDUr  85671	100
epoxy (phenolic)	HempaDUr  85671	100

Total DFT              300 μm
SB= solvent Borne  WB= waterborne DFT= Dry Film Thickness GF= glass Flake
HEAT  RESISTANT STRUCTURES
For Steel Structures that need to be heat resistant

Paint Type	Hempel Paint System Sample	Thickness  (micron)
Zinc silicate	Hempel’s galVosil 15780	75
silicon	Hempel’s silicone alUminiUm 56910	25
silicon	Hempel’s silicone alUminiUm 56910	25

                                                                                                            Total DFT          125 μm
maximum heat resistance: 500oc

Paint Type	Hempel Paint System Sample	Thickness  (micron)
silicon	Hempel’s silicone alUminiUm 56910	25
silicon	Hempel’s silicone alUminiUm 56910	25
silicon	Hempel’s silicone alUminiUm 56910	25

                                                                                                              Total DFT        75 μm
maximum heat resistance: 600oc

Paint Type	Hempel Paint System Sample	Thickness  (micron)
Zinc silicate	Hempel’s galVosil 15700	80

                                                                                                            Total DFT          80 μm
maximum heat resistance: 500oc

STM Coatech, SSPC PCI (International Coating Enspektörlüg), and Corroder (MPA Group England), Turkey, Romania, Ukraine, Georgia, Russia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Iraq, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, the Sudan and Algeria official licensors.

It is also authorized examination center of the country we have already mentioned above, especially Turkey. Corrodere Training Courses are listed below.

1.Icorr Level 1
2.Icorr Level 2
3.Icorr Level 3
4.IMO PSPC
5.Corrodere Hot Galvanizing
6.Corrodere Insulation Inspector
7.Practical Workshop Icorr 1,2,3
8.Corrodere Marine & Offshore Inspector
9.Transition to Icorr

Reference:
http://www.hempel.ro/~/media/Sites/hempel-ro/files/general/brochures/hempel-iso-corp.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 10.08.2017